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Nacional de Migración）官方文件、工商部（MICCI）公告及巴拿马驻华大使馆公开资料，截至2026年8月。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fuploads\u002F1787903184098510684.png\">\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>先搞清楚：巴拿马永居到底是什么？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>很多人对"永居"的理解比较模糊。在巴拿马，永久居留权（Residencia Permanente）意味着你可以无限期在巴拿马居住、生活、学习，持有永居卡（Carné de Residente Permanente），享受本地医疗和教育资源。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>几个关键事实先摆出来：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cstrong>永居不等于入籍\u003C\u002Fstrong>。拿了永居你还是中国公民，中国护照不变。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cstrong>永居卡本身没有有效期\u003C\u002Fstrong>，但实体身份证（Cédula）每10年需要更新一次。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cstrong>维持永居的最低要求\u003C\u002Fstrong>：每2年至少入境巴拿马一次。这一点比很多国家宽松得多，加拿大要5年住满2年，澳大利亚要5年住满2年，巴拿马只要求你每2年去打个卡。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cstrong>永居满5年可以申请入籍\u003C\u002Fstrong>，但入籍有居住和语言要求，后面会专门讲。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>巴拿马不是传统移民国家，它的永居项目本质上是"\u003Cstrong>经济换身份\u003C\u002Fstrong>"——你要么在当地投资，要么有稳定的被动收入，政府给你居留权。这个逻辑决定了它的审批效率和门槛。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fuploads\u002F1787903226010075641.jpg\">\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>四条主流永居路径全景对比\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>先上一张总表，对四条路径有个整体认知：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ctable>\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>对比维度\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>合格投资者签证 QIV\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>友好国家签证 FNV\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>退休签证 Pensionado\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>租金收入者 Rentista\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>居留类型\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>直接永居\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>2年临时→转永居\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>直接永居\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>临时→可转永居\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>核心门槛\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>投资30万美金起（房产）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>投资20万美金或就业\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>月退休金1000美金\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>月利息收入850美金\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>中国公民可申请\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>可以\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>不可以\u003C\u002Fstrong>（中国不在名单）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>可以（有合规退休金）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>可以\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>审批周期\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>约30个工作日\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>3-6个月\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>3-6个月\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>3-6个月\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>投资维持期\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>5年\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>持续持有\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>持续领取\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>持续存款\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>能否工作\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>可以\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>可以\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>不可以\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>不可以\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>2025年获批率\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>约96%\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>较高\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>较高\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>较少申请\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003Cp>下面逐条展开。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>合格投资者签证（QIV）：目前最主流的路径\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>3.1 项目本质\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>合格投资者签证（Visa de Inversionista Calificado）是巴拿马政府2016年通过第28号法案推出的项目，由工商部（MICCI）和移民局联合管理。它最大的特点是\u003Cstrong>一步到位拿永居\u003C\u002Fstrong>，不需要先拿临时居留再转换。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>根据巴拿马工商部2026年4月发布的官方公告，该项目正在加速推进，已增加更多授权中介机构以提升外资引入效率。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>3.2 三种投资方式，门槛不同\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>法案规定了三种合格投资方式，申请人任选其一：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>方式一：房地产投资\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 最低投资额：\u003Cstrong>30万美元\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 房产必须在公共登记处注册，且无抵押、无留置权\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 可以是公寓、别墅、土地，没有区域限制，不需要政府预审批项目\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 投资必须维持至少5年\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>方式二：巴拿马上市证券\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 最低投资额：\u003Cstrong>50万美元\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 通过巴拿马持牌券商购买在巴拿马证券交易所上市的证券\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 投资维持至少5年\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>方式三：银行定期存款\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 最低存款额：\u003Cstrong>75万美元\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 存入巴拿马银行监管局（Superintendencia de Bancos）授权的巴拿马银行\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 定期存款，维持至少5年\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>三种方式对比下来，房地产是门槛最低、也是最多中国申请人选择的路径。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>3.3 申请条件\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>除了投资本身，申请人还需要满足以下基本条件：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1. 年满18周岁\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2. 无犯罪记录（来自国籍国和最近居住国，需海牙认证）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3. 身体健康（由巴拿马执业医生出具健康证明）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4. 投资资金来源合法，可追溯\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>5. 有效护照（剩余有效期至少6个月）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>6. 获得工商部出具的《投资资格认证》（Certificación de Elegibilidad）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>随行家属可以包括：配偶、25岁以下未婚在读子女、经济依赖的父母。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>3.4 审批周期和获批数据\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>工商部官方宣传材料中明确写道："El inversionista puede obtener la aprobación de residencia permanente panameña en 30 días sin salir de su país de origen."（投资者可以在30天内获得巴拿马永居批准，无需离开原籍国。）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>实际操作中，从材料准备到最终拿卡，整体周期通常在4-6个月。30天指的是工商部审批投资资格的时间。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>获批率方面，根据巴拿马移民局公开数据，2025年全年合格投资者永居全球申请341份，获批327份，拒签14份，\u003Cstrong>获批率约95.9%\u003C\u002Fstrong>。2026年1-3月受理57份，延续高批态势。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>3.5 适合人群\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>· 有30万美元以上可支配资金的中产及高净值家庭\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 不想蹲移民监、希望保留国内事业和生活的人\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 看重税务规划、资产配置的企业主\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 希望给孩子多一个教育和身份选择的家庭\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 有频繁国际出行需求的商务人士\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fuploads\u002F1787903425407085368.jpeg\">\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>永居之后：入籍路径和居住要求\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>很多人拿永居只是第一步，最终目标是入籍拿护照。这里把入籍的真实要求讲清楚，避免被误导。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>入籍的基本条件\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>根据巴拿马《公民法》和选举法庭（Tribunal Electoral）的规定：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1. \u003Cstrong>持有永居满5年\u003C\u002Fstrong>（从永居卡签发之日起算，临时居留期不计入）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2. \u003Cstrong>实质性居住\u003C\u002Fstrong>：选举法庭审查时会综合评估申请人的实际在巴时间。长期大量离境会影响入籍资格。仅满足"每2年入境一次"的永居维持要求，不等于满足入籍的居住要求。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3. \u003Cstrong>通过西班牙语考试\u003C\u002Fstrong>：包括笔试和口试\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4. \u003Cstrong>通过公民知识考试\u003C\u002Fstrong>：涵盖巴拿马历史、地理、宪法和公民权利\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>5. \u003Cstrong>无犯罪记录\u003C\u002Fstrong>（巴拿马和原籍国）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>6. \u003Cstrong>经济能力证明\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>7. \u003Cstrong>最终由巴拿马总统批准\u003C\u002Fstrong>（入籍审批具有自由裁量性质）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>如果配偶是巴拿马公民，或子女出生在巴拿马，入籍年限可缩短至3年。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>关于"居住要求简化"的传言\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>网上有文章称2026年巴拿马入籍新政将居住要求简化为"5年内入境3次"。这个说法目前\u003Cstrong>没有巴拿马官方文件佐证\u003C\u002Fstrong>，主流移民律所和官方渠道仍按"实质性居住5年"执行。建议大家以巴拿马选举法庭和移民局的官方信息为准，不要轻信未经证实的"新政"。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>双重国籍\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>巴拿马宪法在入籍仪式中要求宣誓放弃原国籍，但在实践中，巴拿马并不主动撤销申请人的原国籍，中国也不承认双重国籍。这个问题比较复杂，建议入籍前咨询两国的专业律师。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>巴拿马永居的税务优势：为什么高净值人群看重它\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>这部分是很多客户最关心的，我单独拎出来讲。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>属地征税，境外收入免税\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>巴拿马实行严格的\u003Cstrong>属地征税原则\u003C\u002Fstrong>（Territorial Taxation）。根据巴拿马《财政法典》第694条，应税收入仅限于在巴拿马境内产生的收入。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这意味着：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 你在中国做生意的利润 → 不征税\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 你在海外的股票分红 → 不征税\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 你在各国的房产租金 → 不征税\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 你在巴拿马境外的资本利得 → 不征税\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>只有你在巴拿马境内开公司、工作、做生意赚的钱，才需要在巴拿马缴税。个人所得税最高税率25%。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>无遗产税、赠与税、资本利得税、财富税\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>巴拿马不征收遗产税、赠与税、资本利得税和财富税。这对家族财富传承非常友好——资产在代际传递和处置过程中不会被大额征税。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>CRS与税务合规\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>巴拿马是CRS（共同申报准则）参与国，自2018年起开始金融账户信息交换。这意味着你在巴拿马银行的账户信息会被交换回中国税务机关。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>但关键在于：\u003Cstrong>即使信息交换到巴拿马，巴拿马法律不对境外收入征税，所以不会产生额外的税务负担\u003C\u002Fstrong>。巴拿马永居的价值不是"隐身"，而是在合规透明的前提下，通过切换税务居民身份来优化全球税务结构。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>需要特别说明：拿到巴拿马永居不等于自动成为巴拿马税务居民。税务居民身份的判定通常以183天居住规则或永久居留权为依据，具体情况建议咨询跨境税务师。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>美元化经济\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>巴拿马的法定货币是美元（巴波亚与美元1:1挂钩，实际流通的是美元）。这意味着你不需要担心当地货币贬值的问题，资产以美元计价，稳定性高。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>旅行护照：2025年新政的增量价值\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>2025年10月29日，巴拿马总统穆利诺（José Raúl Mulino）签署《第493号法案》，将合格投资者永居持有者纳入"特殊旅行证件"（Documento Especial de Viaje）的申请范围。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>什么是旅行护照\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>这是巴拿马政府签发的一种官方旅行证件，\u003Cstrong>不是公民护照\u003C\u002Fstrong>，不赋予公民身份、投票权或外交保护。它的功能类似于一个"永居持有者的国际旅行通行证"。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>此前这个证件只面向退休签证持有者，2025年新政后扩展到合格投资者永居持有者。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>免签范围\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>关于免签国家数量，目前确认可通行的包括多数申根国家、英国（需ETA）、新加坡等。建议出行前向目的地国家使领馆确认。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fuploads\u002F1787903691990085417.png\">\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>适合谁\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>· 有频繁国际商务出行需求的人\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 觉得中国护照办签证麻烦的人\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· 不想入籍但希望多一个旅行证件的人\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>八、中国申请人的现实考量\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>哪条路最适合你\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>· \u003Cstrong>有30万美金、想快速拿身份\u003C\u002Fstrong>→ 合格投资者签证（QIV）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cstrong>已退休、月养老金过万人民币\u003C\u002Fstrong>→ 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